本文主要研究内容
作者王耀锋（2019）在《生物炭对土壤—水稻体系中污染物和硅元素迁移行为的影响及污染阻控机制》一文中研究指出：生物炭是农林废弃生物质在限氧或无氧条件下炭化产生的富含碳的固体物质。生物炭结构与性质多样,在土壤改良、土壤固碳、土壤污染修复中具有巨大应用潜力,引起国内外极大关注。生物炭作为土壤改良剂,大量的研究关注了生物炭中有机碳组分,而对生物炭中硅质等无机组分关注不够。水稻、小麦以及玉米等禾本科作物秸秆具有较高的硅含量,每年作物收获从土壤中带走了大量的硅,造成了土壤不同程度地缺硅。土壤缺硅引起水稻生长不良,稻米中重金属镉等污染物阻控效率下降。而木屑等制备的生物炭中硅含量较低。不同硅含量的生物炭添加到土壤中对土壤硅平衡的影响很少报道,而对土壤-水稻系统中硅质迁移的影响及相互作用机制鲜见报道,并且在土壤-水稻系统中硅质与污染物耦合的阻控效应与作用机理也未得到关注。针对生物炭影响土壤硅平衡、水稻摄取污染物和硅质及其相互作用机制等关键科学问题,通过制备高硅和低硅生物炭,研究了生物炭中硅的溶出和其对土壤硅平衡的影响及作用机制。并将它们应用于高有效硅土壤(HSS)和低有效硅土壤(LSS),选择了水稻作为典型的富硅植物,研究了生物炭对水稻的产量、不同组织(籽粒、秸秆和根)中硅吸收和分布以及土壤-植物系统中土壤硅迁移的影响,采用SEM-EDX分析水稻收获前后生物炭的表面结构变化。进一步将生物炭应用于镉污染土壤阻控的实验,阐明了不同硅含量生物炭对水稻镉、硅摄取及耦合相互作用机制。最后通过不同污染类型,如单一重金属镉和有机污染2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)以及二者复合污染的条件下,研究不同硅含量生物炭对复合污染的阻控及其作用机制。该论文的主要结论及创新如下:(1)探明了生物炭对土壤中硅平衡的影响及作用机理。发现高硅生物炭可以作为土壤缓释的硅源,而低硅生物炭可以作为农业稻田土壤中额外的硅汇。与低硅生物炭相比,高硅生物炭有较高的硅溶出量,并且随着热解温度的升高而增加。发现硅释放由碳-硅相互保护作用控制,硅溶出伴随着碳释放。添加高硅生物炭到土壤可提高HSS和LSS硅的溶出。揭示了土壤硅累积溶出量的实验值低于理论值,低硅生物炭添加到LSS的累积土壤硅溶出降低的原因,生物炭吸附态的铁对硅酸的保护使其成为土壤硅的储库。(2)阐明了生物炭对土壤-水稻系统中硅元素迁移、分布和积累行为的影响。生物炭可作为土壤硅的储库和有效硅缓释源,影响农业稻田土壤硅的生物地球化学循环速度。高硅生物炭可以提高水稻籽粒产量,增加了水稻籽粒和根的硅含量。在HSS中添加低硅生物炭对水稻硅含量几乎没有影响,而低硅生物炭添加到LSS降低水稻硅含量。发现了高硅生物炭增加了水稻总的硅吸收量,低硅生物炭添加到LSS降低了总的硅吸收量。揭示了其作用机理为老化生物炭表面富集了铁和硅的矿物,生物炭将溶出的硅固定在其表面作为临时硅储库,以防止硅的损失。(3)从浓度、形态和传输通道三个层次,揭示了生物炭阻控水稻摄取镉的作用机理。发现在HSS中所有处理的水稻镉含量均低于LSS对应的处理。添加生物炭到HSS(LSS)可以降低水稻籽粒镉浓度25.23-53.30%(24.53-59.45%),高硅生物炭的处理比低硅生物炭具有更低的水稻籽粒镉含量。富硅的土壤或生物炭有相对较低的镉生物富集系数(BCF)和转移系数(TF),而缺硅的土壤或生物炭刚好相反。水稻摄取的镉和硅浓度呈负相关,高硅生物炭处理的硅转运基因(Lsil和Lsi3)相对表达较低。提出了镉与生物炭中溶出的硅形成硅、镉复合物,从而降低了土壤有效态镉含量;生物炭释放的硅可以降低水稻根部硅转运通道的基因表达,镉、硅传输可能利用相同的传输通道,抑制水稻中镉的传输;被水稻摄取的硅可能与镉在植物体内形成结合物阻控镉转移到籽粒中。(4)提出了生物炭中硅和碳联合阻控水稻摄取水中镉和2,4-DCP复合污染的作用机理。与单一污染相比,复合污染促进了水稻镉和2,4-DCP的摄取,添加高硅生物炭和硅降低了复合污染下水稻中镉的含量,高温生物炭处理的复合污染降低水稻中2,4-DCP的摄取。生物炭中硅的溶出固定了镉,碳质组分吸附固定2,4-DCP,降低了培养液中镉和2,4-DCP的含量。阐明了高硅生物炭中硅的溶出促进了水稻硅的摄取,增厚了水稻根细胞壁,降低了污染物的富集系数,阻控了水稻镉和2,4-DCP的摄取。
Abstract
sheng wu tan shi nong lin fei qi sheng wu zhi zai xian yang huo mo yang tiao jian xia tan hua chan sheng de fu han tan de gu ti wu zhi 。sheng wu tan jie gou yu xing zhi duo yang ,zai tu rang gai liang 、tu rang gu tan 、tu rang wu ran xiu fu zhong ju you ju da ying yong qian li ,yin qi guo nei wai ji da guan zhu 。sheng wu tan zuo wei tu rang gai liang ji ,da liang de yan jiu guan zhu le sheng wu tan zhong you ji tan zu fen ,er dui sheng wu tan zhong gui zhi deng mo ji zu fen guan zhu bu gou 。shui dao 、xiao mai yi ji yu mi deng he ben ke zuo wu jie gan ju you jiao gao de gui han liang ,mei nian zuo wu shou huo cong tu rang zhong dai zou le da liang de gui ,zao cheng le tu rang bu tong cheng du de que gui 。tu rang que gui yin qi shui dao sheng chang bu liang ,dao mi zhong chong jin shu ge deng wu ran wu zu kong xiao lv xia jiang 。er mu xie deng zhi bei de sheng wu tan zhong gui han liang jiao di 。bu tong gui han liang de sheng wu tan tian jia dao tu rang zhong dui tu rang gui ping heng de ying xiang hen shao bao dao ,er dui tu rang -shui dao ji tong zhong gui zhi qian yi de ying xiang ji xiang hu zuo yong ji zhi xian jian bao dao ,bing ju zai tu rang -shui dao ji tong zhong gui zhi yu wu ran wu ou ge de zu kong xiao ying yu zuo yong ji li ye wei de dao guan zhu 。zhen dui sheng wu tan ying xiang tu rang gui ping heng 、shui dao she qu wu ran wu he gui zhi ji ji xiang hu zuo yong ji zhi deng guan jian ke xue wen ti ,tong guo zhi bei gao gui he di gui sheng wu tan ,yan jiu le sheng wu tan zhong gui de rong chu he ji dui tu rang gui ping heng de ying xiang ji zuo yong ji zhi 。bing jiang ta men ying yong yu gao you xiao gui tu rang (HSS)he di you xiao gui tu rang (LSS),shua ze le shui dao zuo wei dian xing de fu gui zhi wu ,yan jiu le sheng wu tan dui shui dao de chan liang 、bu tong zu zhi (zi li 、jie gan he gen )zhong gui xi shou he fen bu yi ji tu rang -zhi wu ji tong zhong tu rang gui qian yi de ying xiang ,cai yong SEM-EDXfen xi shui dao shou huo qian hou sheng wu tan de biao mian jie gou bian hua 。jin yi bu jiang sheng wu tan ying yong yu ge wu ran tu rang zu kong de shi yan ,chan ming le bu tong gui han liang sheng wu tan dui shui dao ge 、gui she qu ji ou ge xiang hu zuo yong ji zhi 。zui hou tong guo bu tong wu ran lei xing ,ru chan yi chong jin shu ge he you ji wu ran 2,4-er lv fen (2,4-DCP)yi ji er zhe fu ge wu ran de tiao jian xia ,yan jiu bu tong gui han liang sheng wu tan dui fu ge wu ran de zu kong ji ji zuo yong ji zhi 。gai lun wen de zhu yao jie lun ji chuang xin ru xia :(1)tan ming le sheng wu tan dui tu rang zhong gui ping heng de ying xiang ji zuo yong ji li 。fa xian gao gui sheng wu tan ke yi zuo wei tu rang huan shi de gui yuan ,er di gui sheng wu tan ke yi zuo wei nong ye dao tian tu rang zhong e wai de gui hui 。yu di gui sheng wu tan xiang bi ,gao gui sheng wu tan you jiao gao de gui rong chu liang ,bing ju sui zhao re jie wen du de sheng gao er zeng jia 。fa xian gui shi fang you tan -gui xiang hu bao hu zuo yong kong zhi ,gui rong chu ban sui zhao tan shi fang 。tian jia gao gui sheng wu tan dao tu rang ke di gao HSShe LSSgui de rong chu 。jie shi le tu rang gui lei ji rong chu liang de shi yan zhi di yu li lun zhi ,di gui sheng wu tan tian jia dao LSSde lei ji tu rang gui rong chu jiang di de yuan yin ,sheng wu tan xi fu tai de tie dui gui suan de bao hu shi ji cheng wei tu rang gui de chu ku 。(2)chan ming le sheng wu tan dui tu rang -shui dao ji tong zhong gui yuan su qian yi 、fen bu he ji lei hang wei de ying xiang 。sheng wu tan ke zuo wei tu rang gui de chu ku he you xiao gui huan shi yuan ,ying xiang nong ye dao tian tu rang gui de sheng wu de qiu hua xue xun huan su du 。gao gui sheng wu tan ke yi di gao shui dao zi li chan liang ,zeng jia le shui dao zi li he gen de gui han liang 。zai HSSzhong tian jia di gui sheng wu tan dui shui dao gui han liang ji hu mei you ying xiang ,er di gui sheng wu tan tian jia dao LSSjiang di shui dao gui han liang 。fa xian le gao gui sheng wu tan zeng jia le shui dao zong de gui xi shou liang ,di gui sheng wu tan tian jia dao LSSjiang di le zong de gui xi shou liang 。jie shi le ji zuo yong ji li wei lao hua sheng wu tan biao mian fu ji le tie he gui de kuang wu ,sheng wu tan jiang rong chu de gui gu ding zai ji biao mian zuo wei lin shi gui chu ku ,yi fang zhi gui de sun shi 。(3)cong nong du 、xing tai he chuan shu tong dao san ge ceng ci ,jie shi le sheng wu tan zu kong shui dao she qu ge de zuo yong ji li 。fa xian zai HSSzhong suo you chu li de shui dao ge han liang jun di yu LSSdui ying de chu li 。tian jia sheng wu tan dao HSS(LSS)ke yi jiang di shui dao zi li ge nong du 25.23-53.30%(24.53-59.45%),gao gui sheng wu tan de chu li bi di gui sheng wu tan ju you geng di de shui dao zi li ge han liang 。fu gui de tu rang huo sheng wu tan you xiang dui jiao di de ge sheng wu fu ji ji shu (BCF)he zhuai yi ji shu (TF),er que gui de tu rang huo sheng wu tan gang hao xiang fan 。shui dao she qu de ge he gui nong du cheng fu xiang guan ,gao gui sheng wu tan chu li de gui zhuai yun ji yin (Lsilhe Lsi3)xiang dui biao da jiao di 。di chu le ge yu sheng wu tan zhong rong chu de gui xing cheng gui 、ge fu ge wu ,cong er jiang di le tu rang you xiao tai ge han liang ;sheng wu tan shi fang de gui ke yi jiang di shui dao gen bu gui zhuai yun tong dao de ji yin biao da ,ge 、gui chuan shu ke neng li yong xiang tong de chuan shu tong dao ,yi zhi shui dao zhong ge de chuan shu ;bei shui dao she qu de gui ke neng yu ge zai zhi wu ti nei xing cheng jie ge wu zu kong ge zhuai yi dao zi li zhong 。(4)di chu le sheng wu tan zhong gui he tan lian ge zu kong shui dao she qu shui zhong ge he 2,4-DCPfu ge wu ran de zuo yong ji li 。yu chan yi wu ran xiang bi ,fu ge wu ran cu jin le shui dao ge he 2,4-DCPde she qu ,tian jia gao gui sheng wu tan he gui jiang di le fu ge wu ran xia shui dao zhong ge de han liang ,gao wen sheng wu tan chu li de fu ge wu ran jiang di shui dao zhong 2,4-DCPde she qu 。sheng wu tan zhong gui de rong chu gu ding le ge ,tan zhi zu fen xi fu gu ding 2,4-DCP,jiang di le pei yang ye zhong ge he 2,4-DCPde han liang 。chan ming le gao gui sheng wu tan zhong gui de rong chu cu jin le shui dao gui de she qu ,zeng hou le shui dao gen xi bao bi ,jiang di le wu ran wu de fu ji ji shu ,zu kong le shui dao ge he 2,4-DCPde she qu 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自浙江大学的王耀锋，发表于刊物浙江大学2019-07-07论文，是一篇关于生物炭论文,土壤水稻系统论文,硅平衡论文,污染阻控论文,耦合作用机制论文,浙江大学2019-07-07论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自浙江大学2019-07-07论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：生物炭论文; 土壤水稻系统论文; 硅平衡论文; 污染阻控论文; 耦合作用机制论文; 浙江大学2019-07-07论文;