本文主要研究内容
作者岳衢（2019）在《上海市公园无尾两栖类分布及其繁殖栖息地研究》一文中研究指出：城市化导致栖息地环境发生改变,这是城市两栖类物种灭绝的重要因素,因此如何营造栖息地去保护现有城市两栖类就显得尤为重要。自改革开放以来,上海市多种两栖类物种在城市化进程中大量灭绝。但是也有部分本土两栖类物种似乎并未受城市化的负面影响,它们能够适应新的环境并保留下来。作为环境指示物种的无尾两栖类,它是如何在城市化下适应并利用栖息地微生境生存繁衍的呢?研究这一问题能够将城市生态建设和两栖类保育有效联系起来。上海市在提高现有城市公园生态功能的同时,现已建成或正在建设逾20座郊野公园,生态环境保护是公园建设和发展的首要目的。公园已经成为城市两栖类栖息和繁衍的重要场所,两栖类保育既是公园生态建设的重要目标,同时也是衡量公园生态环境保护成效的重要指标。在城市公园和郊野公园建设中,营造适合现有两栖类生存和繁衍的栖息地微生境意义重大。因此我们设置并研究了以下3个科学问题:(1)上海市城市公园和郊野公园无尾两栖类生存状况如何?(2)影响郊野公园和城市公园无尾两栖类物种分布的关键性微生境变量是什么?(3)不同类型公园中每一种无尾两栖类繁殖栖息地最适微环境指数是多少?研究地点和实验内容如下:我们选择中国城市化的典型城市上海市作为研究地点,在上海市最先建设的6个郊野公园(104条样线)和6个具有代表性的城市公园(40条样线)开展调查,调查内容包括郊野公园和城市公园无尾两栖类的物种分布,以及栖息地3种环境因子中的16种微环境变量(水体因子:水体温度、水体pH、水体盐度、水体溶氧量;植被因子:挺水植被盖度、浮水植物盖度、漂浮植物盖度、沉水植物盖度、灌木植被盖度、草本植被盖度、乔木植被盖度;地形因子:0.5 m处水深、坡岸类型、坡角、到对岸距离、距道路距离)。主要研究结果如下:郊野公园和城市公园都调查到了5种相同的物种,分别是泽陆蛙(Fejervarya multistriat)、金线侧褶蛙(Pelophylax plancyi)、黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculatus)、饰纹姬蛙(Microhyla fissipes)、中华大蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans),共1821只/次,且郊野公园和城市公园都是金线侧褶蛙在物种分布上优势度最高。物种和环境数据的统计和分析均使用R 3.5.1完成。ANOSIM相似性检验结果显示郊野公园和城市公园的物种分布(R=0.128,P=0.001)和栖息地微环境(R=0.092,P=0.001)差异性显著。Pearson相关性分析和检验说明部分环境因子之间存在显著自相关性。郊野公园和城市公园DCA第一排序轴的长度分别是2.559和2.324均小于4,判断两种公园物种分布数据是线性的,使用RDA(冗余分析)更为合理。RDA分析和蒙特卡洛置换检验显示环境变量对郊野公园(F=1.94,P=0.039)和城市公园(F=2.205,P=0.032)两栖类物种分布影响显著。郊野公园显著性环境变量的影响能力排序如下:浮叶植被盖度(r2=0.5437,P<0.001)>距道路距离(r2=0.2242,P=0.003)>水体温度(r2=0.2073,P=0.002)>坡岸类型(r2=0.1103,P=0.037);城市公园显著性环境环境变量的影响能力排序如下:浮叶植被盖度(r2=0.4989,P=0.001)>水体温度(r2=0.1875,P=0.023)。PRDA分析说明植被因子、水体因子、地形因子对两栖类的分布有单独作用和综合作用,其中植被因子在郊野公园(λ=26.50%)和城市公园(λ=41.71%)最为重要。CART(回归决策树)量化了每一种无尾两栖类的多度和显著性影响因子之间的关系,为物种保护提供了生态判别指标。根据这些结果本研究得出以下结论:(1)城市公园和郊野公园最关键环境变量都是浮叶植被盖度,浮叶植被盖度可以作为决定两栖类物种分布的生态指标。(2)栖息地距道路的距离对郊野公园两栖类物种分布影响显著,但对城市公园不显著。(3)郊野公园的主要两栖类显著性的更青睐自然坡岸的水体,而城市公园此现象不显著。(4)水体盐度对城市公园两栖类分布影响显著,而在郊野公园不显著。这体现了由于城市增长、管理方式的不同,郊野公园和城市公园的两栖类对道路距离、水体盐度和温度的选择也表现出了差异性。(5)根据不同类型公园的不同两栖类物种的特点,我们量化了每一物种最佳栖息地的生态指标,为公园建设和两栖类保育提供了实践参考依据。
Abstract
cheng shi hua dao zhi qi xi de huan jing fa sheng gai bian ,zhe shi cheng shi liang qi lei wu chong mie jue de chong yao yin su ,yin ci ru he ying zao qi xi de qu bao hu xian you cheng shi liang qi lei jiu xian de you wei chong yao 。zi gai ge kai fang yi lai ,shang hai shi duo chong liang qi lei wu chong zai cheng shi hua jin cheng zhong da liang mie jue 。dan shi ye you bu fen ben tu liang qi lei wu chong shi hu bing wei shou cheng shi hua de fu mian ying xiang ,ta men neng gou kuo ying xin de huan jing bing bao liu xia lai 。zuo wei huan jing zhi shi wu chong de mo wei liang qi lei ,ta shi ru he zai cheng shi hua xia kuo ying bing li yong qi xi de wei sheng jing sheng cun fan yan de ne ?yan jiu zhe yi wen ti neng gou jiang cheng shi sheng tai jian she he liang qi lei bao yo you xiao lian ji qi lai 。shang hai shi zai di gao xian you cheng shi gong yuan sheng tai gong neng de tong shi ,xian yi jian cheng huo zheng zai jian she yu 20zuo jiao ye gong yuan ,sheng tai huan jing bao hu shi gong yuan jian she he fa zhan de shou yao mu de 。gong yuan yi jing cheng wei cheng shi liang qi lei qi xi he fan yan de chong yao chang suo ,liang qi lei bao yo ji shi gong yuan sheng tai jian she de chong yao mu biao ,tong shi ye shi heng liang gong yuan sheng tai huan jing bao hu cheng xiao de chong yao zhi biao 。zai cheng shi gong yuan he jiao ye gong yuan jian she zhong ,ying zao kuo ge xian you liang qi lei sheng cun he fan yan de qi xi de wei sheng jing yi yi chong da 。yin ci wo men she zhi bing yan jiu le yi xia 3ge ke xue wen ti :(1)shang hai shi cheng shi gong yuan he jiao ye gong yuan mo wei liang qi lei sheng cun zhuang kuang ru he ?(2)ying xiang jiao ye gong yuan he cheng shi gong yuan mo wei liang qi lei wu chong fen bu de guan jian xing wei sheng jing bian liang shi shen me ?(3)bu tong lei xing gong yuan zhong mei yi chong mo wei liang qi lei fan shi qi xi de zui kuo wei huan jing zhi shu shi duo shao ?yan jiu de dian he shi yan nei rong ru xia :wo men shua ze zhong guo cheng shi hua de dian xing cheng shi shang hai shi zuo wei yan jiu de dian ,zai shang hai shi zui xian jian she de 6ge jiao ye gong yuan (104tiao yang xian )he 6ge ju you dai biao xing de cheng shi gong yuan (40tiao yang xian )kai zhan diao cha ,diao cha nei rong bao gua jiao ye gong yuan he cheng shi gong yuan mo wei liang qi lei de wu chong fen bu ,yi ji qi xi de 3chong huan jing yin zi zhong de 16chong wei huan jing bian liang (shui ti yin zi :shui ti wen du 、shui ti pH、shui ti yan du 、shui ti rong yang liang ;zhi bei yin zi :ting shui zhi bei gai du 、fu shui zhi wu gai du 、piao fu zhi wu gai du 、chen shui zhi wu gai du 、guan mu zhi bei gai du 、cao ben zhi bei gai du 、qiao mu zhi bei gai du ;de xing yin zi :0.5 mchu shui shen 、po an lei xing 、po jiao 、dao dui an ju li 、ju dao lu ju li )。zhu yao yan jiu jie guo ru xia :jiao ye gong yuan he cheng shi gong yuan dou diao cha dao le 5chong xiang tong de wu chong ,fen bie shi ze liu wa (Fejervarya multistriat)、jin xian ce zhe wa (Pelophylax plancyi)、hei ban ce zhe wa (Pelophylax nigromaculatus)、shi wen ji wa (Microhyla fissipes)、zhong hua da chan chu (Bufo gargarizans),gong 1821zhi /ci ,ju jiao ye gong yuan he cheng shi gong yuan dou shi jin xian ce zhe wa zai wu chong fen bu shang you shi du zui gao 。wu chong he huan jing shu ju de tong ji he fen xi jun shi yong R 3.5.1wan cheng 。ANOSIMxiang shi xing jian yan jie guo xian shi jiao ye gong yuan he cheng shi gong yuan de wu chong fen bu (R=0.128,P=0.001)he qi xi de wei huan jing (R=0.092,P=0.001)cha yi xing xian zhe 。Pearsonxiang guan xing fen xi he jian yan shui ming bu fen huan jing yin zi zhi jian cun zai xian zhe zi xiang guan xing 。jiao ye gong yuan he cheng shi gong yuan DCAdi yi pai xu zhou de chang du fen bie shi 2.559he 2.324jun xiao yu 4,pan duan liang chong gong yuan wu chong fen bu shu ju shi xian xing de ,shi yong RDA(rong yu fen xi )geng wei ge li 。RDAfen xi he meng te ka luo zhi huan jian yan xian shi huan jing bian liang dui jiao ye gong yuan (F=1.94,P=0.039)he cheng shi gong yuan (F=2.205,P=0.032)liang qi lei wu chong fen bu ying xiang xian zhe 。jiao ye gong yuan xian zhe xing huan jing bian liang de ying xiang neng li pai xu ru xia :fu xie zhi bei gai du (r2=0.5437,P<0.001)>ju dao lu ju li (r2=0.2242,P=0.003)>shui ti wen du (r2=0.2073,P=0.002)>po an lei xing (r2=0.1103,P=0.037);cheng shi gong yuan xian zhe xing huan jing huan jing bian liang de ying xiang neng li pai xu ru xia :fu xie zhi bei gai du (r2=0.4989,P=0.001)>shui ti wen du (r2=0.1875,P=0.023)。PRDAfen xi shui ming zhi bei yin zi 、shui ti yin zi 、de xing yin zi dui liang qi lei de fen bu you chan du zuo yong he zeng ge zuo yong ,ji zhong zhi bei yin zi zai jiao ye gong yuan (λ=26.50%)he cheng shi gong yuan (λ=41.71%)zui wei chong yao 。CART(hui gui jue ce shu )liang hua le mei yi chong mo wei liang qi lei de duo du he xian zhe xing ying xiang yin zi zhi jian de guan ji ,wei wu chong bao hu di gong le sheng tai pan bie zhi biao 。gen ju zhe xie jie guo ben yan jiu de chu yi xia jie lun :(1)cheng shi gong yuan he jiao ye gong yuan zui guan jian huan jing bian liang dou shi fu xie zhi bei gai du ,fu xie zhi bei gai du ke yi zuo wei jue ding liang qi lei wu chong fen bu de sheng tai zhi biao 。(2)qi xi de ju dao lu de ju li dui jiao ye gong yuan liang qi lei wu chong fen bu ying xiang xian zhe ,dan dui cheng shi gong yuan bu xian zhe 。(3)jiao ye gong yuan de zhu yao liang qi lei xian zhe xing de geng qing lai zi ran po an de shui ti ,er cheng shi gong yuan ci xian xiang bu xian zhe 。(4)shui ti yan du dui cheng shi gong yuan liang qi lei fen bu ying xiang xian zhe ,er zai jiao ye gong yuan bu xian zhe 。zhe ti xian le you yu cheng shi zeng chang 、guan li fang shi de bu tong ,jiao ye gong yuan he cheng shi gong yuan de liang qi lei dui dao lu ju li 、shui ti yan du he wen du de shua ze ye biao xian chu le cha yi xing 。(5)gen ju bu tong lei xing gong yuan de bu tong liang qi lei wu chong de te dian ,wo men liang hua le mei yi wu chong zui jia qi xi de de sheng tai zhi biao ,wei gong yuan jian she he liang qi lei bao yo di gong le shi jian can kao yi ju 。
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论文作者分别是来自华东师范大学的岳衢，发表于刊物华东师范大学2019-07-02论文，是一篇关于城市公园论文,郊野公园论文,栖息地论文,微生境论文,生态指标论文,浮叶植被盖度论文,华东师范大学2019-07-02论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自华东师范大学2019-07-02论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：城市公园论文; 郊野公园论文; 栖息地论文; 微生境论文; 生态指标论文; 浮叶植被盖度论文; 华东师范大学2019-07-02论文;